A. Question word
adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menanyakan waktu, tempat, orang, benda, hal, alasan, cara, dan lain-lain. English question wordberupa berbagai wh-word, yaitu kata yang diawali oleh wh- (what, where, when, why, which, who,whom, whose) atau kata yang mengandung huruf wdan h (how)
Contoh :
-What do you want from me?
-What are you doing here?
-Where does he live?
Sumber : http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-dan-contoh-kalimat-question-words
B. Say / Tell
edua kata ini memiliki makna yang mirip. Keduanya berarti berkomunikasi secara verbal dengan seseorang. Tetapi kita sering menggunakan keduanya dengan berbeda.
Contoh :
- She told me that she loved John.
- She said that she loved John.
- He told everybody that he had to leave.
C. Dangling modifier
adalah modifier (berupa kata atau phrase) yang ditempatkan pada suatu kalimat namun tidak menerangkan suatu bagian yang muncul setelahnya. Dangling modifier merupakan salah satu dari masalah-masalah placement(penempatan), seperti misplaced dan squinting modifie.
Contoh :
After eating on the street, she usually feels hurt on her stomach.
After she eats on the street, her stomach usually hurts.
Having typed the monthly report, He plugged in and switched on the printer.
Sumber : http://www.wordsmile.com/dangling-modifier
D. Sequance of Tenses
Apabila ada dua kejadian yang terjadi secara berurutan langsung, maka tenses yang dipakai adalahsimple past dan simple past.
Ciri-ciri : tidak ada jeda waktu dan biasanya ada sebab akibat
Contoh : after he closed the door, he went to bed
After she arrived, the bus left
Conjunction : after, before, when, as soon as
Apabila ada dua kejadian yang terjadi secara berurutan tidak langsung, maka tenses yang dipakai adalah past perfect dan simple past.
Ciri-ciri : kejadian mana yang pertama dalam kalimat itu menggunakan past perfect,dan kejadian yang kedua menggunakan past tense.
Contoh : they went on holiday after they had taken an exam
Before the police came, the thief had left
Conjunction : as soon as, after, before, when
Apabila ada kejadian pertama sudah berlangsung beberapa saat pada durasi waktu tertentu ketika kejadian kedua terjadi, maka tenses yang dipakai adalah past perfect continuous dan simple past.
Contoh: when I visited her yesterday, she had been studying for two hours
They had been playing futsal for an hour when we came
Apabila kejadian pertama berlangsung ketika kejadian kedua terjadi, maka tenses yang dipakai adalah past continuous dan simple past.
Contoh : I was watching TV while she knocked at the door
I was writing a letter when my mother called me
Conjunction : when, while, as
Apabila ada dua kejadian yang terjadi secara bersamaan maka tenses yang dipakai adalah past continuous dan past continuous.
Contoh: my father was reading magazine while my mother was cooking
I was studying when my brother was sleeping
E. Redudancy
Redundancy adalah pengulangan kata yang tidak diperlukan atau penggunaan beberapa kata yang seharusnya dapat dapat dihindari hanya dengan menggunakan satu kata saja.
Kalimat-kalimat berikut mengandung redundancy. Penjelasan pilihan kata yang salah diberikan setelah masing-masing kalimat agar Anda dapat memahaminya segera.
1. The best way to learn English is to repeat the lesson again at home so that they won’t forget it easily. (Jawaban: again adalah redundancy karena kata repeat sudah mengandung arti “mengulang lagi”)
2. You must translate the text in a careful manner in order that the meaning of the text in the source language is not lost. (Jawaban: in a careful manner adalah redundancy. Seharusnya carefully bisa digunakan)
3. The language that it is used internationally should be mastered before you participate in an international organization. (Jawaban: it adalah redundancy karena sudah diwakili oleh that sebagai subyek anak kalimat “that is used internationally”. Berarti kata “it” tidak diperlukan.)
Mengenai Saya
- Erwin Bangun
- Aktif, Imajinatif, simple, jujur, namun sulit percaya dengan orang lain. saya humble untuk orang orang yg sudah mengenal saya. sedikit sulit bergaul dengan lingkungan baru. saya selalu percaya Tuhan selalu menyediakan apa yang saya butuhkan Tepat Pada Waktunya. meskipun hidup ini kejam, tapi roda kehidupan selalu berputar.
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Active
|
Pasive
|
|
Simple Present
|
S + V (S/es) + O
|
S + to be + V3 + BY + O
(she, he, it = is)
(I = am)
(they, we, you = are)
|
Simple Past
|
S + V2 + O
|
S + to be + V3 + BY + O
(she, he, it, I = was)
(they, we, you = were)
|
Simple Future
|
S + will + v1 + O
|
S + will + be + v3 + by + o
|
Present Continous
|
S + tobe + ving + o
|
S + to be + being + v3 + by + o
|
Past Continous
|
S + tobe (was / were) + ving + o
|
S + to be (was / were) + being +
v3 + by + o
|
Future Continous
|
S + will + be + ving + o
|
There are some tenses and conditions
that don’t have pasive form present continous, past perfect continous, future
continous, future perfect continous, and sentences that have intransitive
verbs
|
Present Perfect
|
S + has / have + v3 + o
|
S + has / have + been + v3 + by + o
(she, he, it = has)
(they, we, I, you = have)
|
Past Perfect
|
S + had + v3 + o
|
S + had + been + v3 + by + o
|
Future perfect
|
S + will + have + v3 + o
|
S + will + have + been + v3 + by + o
|
Mengubah
kalimat active ke kalimat passive
1. Active =
once a month, conte brings the team to the beach.
Pasive = once a month, the team is brought to the
beach by conte.
(SIMPLE PRESENT)
1.
2. Active = Ali is writing a
letter right now.
Pasive = the letter is being written by Ali now.
(PRESENT CONTINOUS)
1.
3. Active = Gio repaired the
computer which is located in the living room
Pasive = the computer which is located in the living
room was repaired by Gio.
(SIMPLE PAST)
1.
4. Active = The salesman was
helping the customer when the thief came into the store.
Pasive = The
Customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store.
(PAST CONTINOUS)
1. 5.
Active = Many basketball players have trained that kind of dribble style.
Pasive = that kind of dribble style have been
trained by many basketball players.
(PRESENT PERFECT)
1.
6. Active = Otong and vicky had
repaired many cars before they received their mechanic license.
Pasive = many cars had been repaired by otong and
vicky before they received their mechanic,
(PAST PERFECT)
1.
7. Active = Chef ferara will
finish the dish by 05.00 PM
Pasive = the dish will be finished by chef Ferara by
05.00 PM.
(SIMPLE FUTURE)
1. 8.
Active = Burgerkill will be performing a song entitled “tiga titik hitam” on
the stage at 08.00 PM.
Pasive = a song entitled will be performed by
Burgerkill on the stage at 08.00 PM.
(FUTURE CONTINOUS)
1.
9. Active = They will have
completed the project before the deadline.
Pasive = the project will have been completed by
them before the deadline.
(FUTURE PERFECT)
1. 10.
Active = The lead guitarist of flashgod apocalypse smashed his guitar in their
last concert.
Pasive = the guitar was smashed by the lead
guitarist of flashgod apoccalypse in their last concert
(SIMPLE PAST)
Adverb of Place
adalah keterangan tempat, yaitu adverb yang menerangkan
tentang dimana suatu peristiwa terjadi. Adverb of place menjawab pertanyaan
"Where" dan biasanya ditempatkan setelah objek langsung (direct
object) atau kata kerja.
Contoh :
- in Bandung = di Bandung
- at home = di rumah
- everywhere = dimana pun
- inside = di dalam
- outside = di luar
Adverb of Time
adalah keterangan waktu, yaitu adverb yang menerangkan
tentang kapan suatu peristiwa terjadi. Adverb of Time menjawab pertanyaan
"When" atau "What time". adverb of time dapat ditempatkan
di depan kalimat atau di akhir kalimat.
Contoh :
- today = hari ini
- tomorrow = besok
- yesterday = kemarin\
- in the afternoon = pada siang hari
- in July = pada bulan Juli
Adverb of Manner
adalah keterangan cara, yaitu adverb yang menerangkan
bagaimana sesuatu terjadi atau dilakukan. Adverb of manner menjawab pertanyaan
"How".
Contoh :
- quickly = dengan cepat
- slowly = secara perlahan
- seriously = secara serius
- happily = dengan gembira
- easily = dengan mudah
Adverb of Frequency
adalah keterangan
frekuensi, yaitu adverb yang menerangkan tentang sering tidaknya suatu
peristiwa terjadi. Adverb of Frequency menjawab pertanyaan "How
often" yang biasanya ditempatkan sesudah subyek.
Contoh :
- usually = biasanya
- always = selalu
- never = tidak pernah
- seldom = jarang
- ever = pernah
- never = tidak pernah
- sometimes = kadang-kadang
- often = sering kali
Sumber :
http://www.kursusmudahbahasainggris.com/2013/08/pengertian-jenis-dan-fungsi-adverbs.html
Kalimat Aktif (Active Sentences) :
Sebuah kalimat yang melakukan suatu hal atau kegiatan. Di
dalam kalimat aktif selalu menggunakan kalimat berawalan me- (in active
sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are
active).
[Thing doing action] + [verb] + [thing receiving action].
Ciri – ciri kalimat aktif (Active Sentences) :
• Subyeknya
sebagai pelaku.
• Predikatnya
berawalan me- atau ber-
Example Active Sentences (Contoh kalimat aktif) :
• Novry
playing football.
• Ikah
watch television.
Kalimat pasif (Passive sentences) :
Kalimat yang subjeknya dikenal suatu hal atau tindakan, baik
itu disengaja ataupun tidak disengaja (In passive sentences, the thing
receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the
action is optionally included near the end of the sentence. You can use the
passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is more important
or should be emphasized).
[Thing receiving action] + [be] + [past participle of verb]
+ [by] + [thing doing action].
Ciri – ciri kalimat pasif (Passive sentences) :
• Subjeknya
sebagai penderita.
• Predikatnya
berawalan di-, ter-, atau ter- kan-.
• Predikatnya
berupa pesona (kata ganti orang, disusul kata ganti orang yang kehilangan
awalan).
Example Passive sentences (Contoh kalimat pasif) :
• Ball to
kick by Novry.
• Fried
Rice is cooking by Ikah.
Rumus Passive Voice:
1. Simple Present
Tense
Aktif : S + do/does + not + V1
Pasif : S + to be (am, are, is) + not + V3 + by + O
2. Simple Past
Tense
Aktif : S + did + not + V1
Pasif : S + to be (was, were) + not + V3 + by + O
3. Simple Future
Tense
Aktif : S + will + not + V1 + O
Pasif : S + will + not + be + V3 + by + O
4. Present
Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + to be (am, are, is) + not + V1-ing
Pasif : S + to be (am, are, is) + not + being + V3 + by + O
5. Past
Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + to be (was, were) + not + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + to be (was, were) + not + being + V3 + by + O
6. Future
Continuous Tense
Aktif : S + will + not + be + V1-ing + O
Pasif : S + will + not + be + being + V3 + by + O
7. Present
Perfect Tense
Aktif : S + have/has + not + V3 + O
Pasif : S + have/has + not + been + V3 + by + O
8. Past Perfect
Tense
Aktif : S + had + not + V3 + O
Pasif : S + had + not + been + V3 + by + O
9. Future Perfect
Tense
Aktif : S + will + not + have + V3 + O
Pasif : S + will + not + have + been + V3 + by + O
Soal Latihan
1. Simple Present
Tense
Active : Once a
month, Conte brings the team to the beach
Passive : Once a month, the team is brought to the beach by
Conte
2. Present
Continuous Tense
Active : Ali is
writting a letter right now
Passive : The letter is being written by Ali now
3. Simple Past
Tense
Active : Gio repaired
the computer which is located in the living room
Passive : The computer which is located in the living room
by Gio
4. Past
Continuous Tense
Active : The salesman
was helping the customer when thief came into the store
Passive : The customer was being helped by the salesman when
the thief came into the store
5. Present
Perfect Tense
Active : Many
basketball players have trained that kind of dribble style
Passive : That kind of dribble style have been trained by
many basketball players
6. Past Perfect
Tense
Active : Otong and
Vicky had repaired many cars before they received their mechanic license
Passive : Many cars had been repaired by Otong and Vicky
before they received their mechanic license
7. Simple Future
Tense
Active : Chef Ferrara
will finish the dish by 05.00 p.m
Passive : The dish will be completed by Chef Ferrara 05.00
p.m
8. Future
Continuous Tense
Active : Burgerkill
will be performing a song entitled " Tiga Titik Hitam " on the stage
at 08.00 p.m
Passive : The song entitled " Tiga Titik Hitam "
will be performed by Burgerkill on stage at 08.00 p.m
9. Future Perfect
Tense
Active : They will
have completed the project before the deadline
Passive : The project will have been completed by them
before the deadline
10. Simple Past Tense
Active : The lead
guitarist of Flashgod Apocalypes smashed his guitar in their last concert
Passive : The guitar was smashed by the lead guitarist of
Flashgod Apocalypse in their last concert
Sumber :
http://novrygunawan.wordpress.com/2011/02/28/3-kalimat-aktif-active-sentences-dan-kalimat-pasif-passive-sentences/
http://annur93.blogspot.com/2011/09/rumus-rumus-passive-voice-16-tenses_28.html
- make an article which explains about verb phrase , 5
example simple:
1.
Erwin is playing football
2.
he has completed subject
3.
demi lovato is a musician
4.
bayern munchen is a football club
5.
annie felt more independent
- present tense : my brother buys ice cream in the
minimarket everyday
- past tense : he want to depok yesterday
- future tense : he will go to Surabaya next holiday
Gerund and Infinitive
Questions + answered
Questions + answered
1. Tasya wishes … her grandparents more often.
a. Visiting
b. To Visit
a. Visiting
b. To Visit
2. I dislike … money on non-essential items.
a. Spending
b. To spend
a. Spending
b. To spend
3. I watched two lions … in the
grass in South Africa.
a. To sleep
b. Sleeping
a. To sleep
b. Sleeping
4. We promise … in touch with our clients.
a. To stay
b. Staying
a. To stay
b. Staying
5. My mother taught me not … about my academic work.
a. Lying
b. To lie
a. Lying
b. To lie
ADVERB
Adverb of Time
Example :
1.
Goldilocks went to the Bears’ house yesterday.
2.
I’m going to tidy my room tomorrow.
3.
I, together with my pals, already have eaten lunch.
4.
She’ll prepare for the final test from now to the next saturday.
5.
I paid a call my friend in the hospital last week.
Adverb of Place
Example:
1.
The child went indoors.
2.
He lived and worked abroad.
3.
The ceremony was being held outdoors.
4.
Chris is going to work overseas.
5.
The road twists uphill.
Adverb of Manner
Example :
1.
The little girl ran quickly. In this sentence quickly modifies the verb ran (to
run).
2.
The rich woman learned from experts how to arrange flowers beautifully.
3.
Students have to walk calmly in the school.
4.
Please read the instructions carefully before you filling the form.
5.
He wanted to know the difference between working hard and working smart.
Adverb of Frequency
Example :
1. I always do my homework on time. - In this
sentence always shows us the frequency (how often) I do my homework
on time.
2.
She goes out occasionally. - In this sentence occasionally shows us the frequency
(how often) she goes out.
3.
I always update the calendar at the beginning of the month.
4.
Poetria often takes notes during the Skype sessions.
5. I usually have to get up early to walk Laika.
EXERCISES
Complete each sentence with one of these verbs :
1.
He tried to avoid answering my question.
2.
Could you please stop making so much noise?
3.
I enjoy listening to music.
4.
I considered applying for the job but in the end I decided against it.
5.
Have you finished washing your hair yet?
6.
If you walk into the road without looking, you risk to be knocked down.
7.
Jim is 65 but he isn’t going to retire yet. He wants to carry on working.
8.
I don’t mind you using the phone as long as you pay for all your calls.
9.
Hello! Fancy seeing you here! What a surprise!
10.
I’ve put off writing the letter so many times. I really must do it today.
11.
What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody being so stupid?
12.
Sarah gave up trying to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad.
Complete the sentences so that they mean the same as the first sentence.
Use –ing.
1.
can do what I want and you can’t stop me. You can’t stop me doing what I want.
2.
It’s not a good idea to travel during the rush hour. It’s better
to avoid driving in rush hours
3.
Shall we go away tomorrow instead of today? Shall we postpone going today untiltomorrow
4.
The driver of the car said it was true that he didn’t have a licence. The
driver of the car admitted saying that he didn’t have a licence.
5.
Could you turn the radio down, please? Would you mind turning down the radio please?
6.
Please don’t interrupt me all the time. Would you mind stop interrupting me all the time.
EXERCISES
Complete each sentence with a suitable verb.
Complete each sentence with a suitable verb.
1.
Don’t forget to post the letter I gave you
2.
There was a lot of traffic but we managed to get to the airport in time.
3.
Jill has decided not to drive a car
4.
We’ve got a new
computer in our office. I haven’t learnt to operate it yet
5.
I wonder where sue is. She promised not to be late.
6.
We were all to afraid to speak. Nobody dared to speak anything.
Put the verb into the correct form, to… or –ing. (See Unit 52 for verb +
-ing.)
1.
When I’m tired, I enjoy watching television. It’s relaxing. (watch)
2.
It was a nice day , so we decided to go for a walk.(go)
3.
it’s a nice day. Does anyone fancy going for a walk? (go)
4.
I’m not in a hurry. I don’t mind to wait. (wait)
5.
They don’t have much money. They cant afford going out very often. (go)
6.
I wish that dog would stop barking its driving me mad. (bark)
7.
Our neighbor threatened to call the police if we didn’t stop the noise. (call)
8.
We were hungry, so I suggested to have dinner early. (have)
9.
Hurry up ! I don’t want to risk missing the train. (miss)
10.
Im still lookingfor a job but I hope to find something soon. (find)
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